Formative Assessment

What is the Formative Assessment Process?

Formative assessment is a planned, ongoing process used by all students and teachers during learning and teaching to elicit and use evidence of student learning to improve student understanding of intended disciplinary learning outcomes and support students to become more self-directed learners.

(CCSSO FAST SCASS Austin, Texas June 2017)

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What Do We Mean by Formative Assessment?

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Why Does Formative Assessment Matter?

Formative Assessment is one of the most effective instructional interventions that schools can adopt. Research supports that it helps all students, especially those with low achievement, accomplish ambitious outcomes. View this short video by formative assessment expert Margaret Heritage, and check out our informational briefs below to learn more.

“Good formative assessment strategies are essential to good teaching and learning. Teachers closely observe students, using a wide range of strategies to figure out where they are in their individual learning journeys, and what assistance they need, while also empowering students to become more reflective about their own learning.” -Caroline Wylie, 2024
“Ample evidence clearly suggests that considerable improvements in student achievement, even when measured by end of year summative assessments, are possible when teachers implement formative assessment routinely.” (Heritage, 2022, p.6)
“Feedback functions formatively only if the information fed back to the learner is used by the learner in improving performance," essentially stating that formative assessment is only truly formative when the gathered information is actively utilized to adjust learning strategies.” ​-Dylan Wiliam, 2017
“Students Drive. Teachers Guide. Students should be doing 90% of the work of learning during the lesson.”​ -Margaret Heritage
“Students bring knowledge and experiences derived from their home and communities to their classroom learning. Students have funds of knowledge that can be used as resources to help them make connections between their lived experiences and what they are learning in school.” -Margaret Heritage, 2022
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IMPACT

Students & Families

A growing number of families, teachers, and future employers believe that doing well in school should be primarily about learning (mastering academic content), rather than earning grades (ensuring high grades). The best way to transition from an earning to a learning perspective is to engage in the formative assessment process.

Shifting emphasis from earning grades to learning academic content
Student ownership and responsibility for their learning
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IMPACT

Teachers

Formative assessment is an ongoing instructional process comprised of several distinct practices that work together to promote robust student learning. While some parts of the formative assessment process may be familiar to teachers, several parts of the overall process will require them to change their instructional practices.

Formative assessment is an ongoing, integrated process, rather than an isolated event. It is not a test or single indicator
Teachers AND students engage in the formative assessment process
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IMPACT

Administrators

School administrators juggle many competing responsibilities while striving to fulfill most districts’ stated mission to provide a quality education to all students. Toward that goal, they are charged with helping their staffs select the instructional methods, programs, and support needed to help all students learn. This is where the formative assessment process enters the picture.

Formative assessment process and its effect on improved learning
Greatest impact from use of the formative assessment process is on low-performing students
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IMPACT

Policymakers

Did you know that the formative assessment process is one of the most effective instructional interventions that schools can adopt? Research shows that this is particularly true for low-achieving students. This revelation is just one of the many important facts policymakers need to know about the formative assessment process and how it fits into a balanced system of assessment of learning and assessment for learning.

Effective instructional intervention to close achievement gaps
Using the formative assessment process in concert with other initiatives

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